ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and HTLV I-II in donors from a blood bank in Medellin, Colombia, 2019-2022. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out with three groups: pre-pandemic with 14,879 donors; preventive isolation with 9035; and selective isolation + new normality with 26,647 subjects. Comparisons were made with Chi2 and Bonferroni adjustment, Kruskal-Wallis' H with Dunnett's post-hoc, prevalence ratios, and multivariate logistic regression. COVID-19 decreased donations of men, altruistic and repetitive donors, and increased the age of donors. HIV increased with the COVID-19 pandemic, while HBV, HCV, and HTLV I-II decreased. The pandemic had an independent effect on these viral infections. These findings constitute an alert about what may be happening in the general population and show the importance of improving epidemiological surveillance and the investigation of these infections.
ABSTRACT
Purpose of Review: This study compares the survival and clinical profile of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 in two clinics in the city of Medellín, Colombia, with a prospective study with 198 patients in clinic A and 201 in clinic B. Comparisons were made with chi-square and Mann-Whitney U, factors associated with survival were identified with a Cox regression. Recent Findings: The proportion of deaths was 7.1% in clinic A with a mean survival of 51.9 days (95% CI = 45-59); in clinic B 13.9% of patients died with mean survival of 37.8 days (95% CI = 32-43). The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (41.6%), diabetes (23.8%), obesity (15.0%), hypothyroidism (13.0%), dyslipidemia (11.0%), and chronic lung disease (10.8%) with similar proportions in both clinics. There were also differences by the clinic in the most prevalent complications: bacterial pneumonia (18.8%), acute renal failure (14.3%), and encephalopathy (9.5%). There were no differences in the days of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation (clinic A 23.7% and clinic B 29.4%) and admission to the ICU (25.3% in A and 32.3% in B). Summary: We evidence the heterogeneity of the survival and the clinical profile of the patients who are cared for by two institutions of the same city. These findings demonstrate the need to conduct unique studies for each institution, which poses a significant challenge for hospital epidemiology programs due to the impossibility of extrapolating evidence from other healthcare institutions and the need to implement personalized medicine programs given the clinical diversity of patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Purpose of Review This study compares the survival and clinical profile of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 in two clinics in the city of Medellín, Colombia, with a prospective study with 198 patients in clinic A and 201 in clinic B. Comparisons were made with chi-square and Mann–Whitney U, factors associated with survival were identified with a Cox regression. Recent Findings The proportion of deaths was 7.1% in clinic A with a mean survival of 51.9 days (95% CI = 45–59);in clinic B 13.9% of patients died with mean survival of 37.8 days (95% CI = 32–43). The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (41.6%), diabetes (23.8%), obesity (15.0%), hypothyroidism (13.0%), dyslipidemia (11.0%), and chronic lung disease (10.8%) with similar proportions in both clinics. There were also differences by the clinic in the most prevalent complications: bacterial pneumonia (18.8%), acute renal failure (14.3%), and encephalopathy (9.5%). There were no differences in the days of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation (clinic A 23.7% and clinic B 29.4%) and admission to the ICU (25.3% in A and 32.3% in B). Summary We evidence the heterogeneity of the survival and the clinical profile of the patients who are cared for by two institutions of the same city. These findings demonstrate the need to conduct unique studies for each institution, which poses a significant challenge for hospital epidemiology programs due to the impossibility of extrapolating evidence from other healthcare institutions and the need to implement personalized medicine programs given the clinical diversity of patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 represents high morbidity and mortality, its complications and lethality have increased due to bacterial superinfections. We aimed to determine the prevalence of bacterial superinfection in adults with COVID-19, hospitalized in two clinics in Medellín-Colombia during 2020, and its distribution according to sociodemographic and clinical conditions. A cross sectional study was made with 399 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by RT-PCR. We determined the prevalence of bacterial superinfection and its factors associated with crude and adjusted prevalence ratios by a generalized linear model. The prevalence of superinfection was 49.6%, with 16 agents identified, the most frequent were Klebsiella (pneumoniae and oxytoca) and Staphylococcus aureus. In the multivariate adjustment, the variables with the strongest association with bacterial superinfection were lung disease, encephalopathy, mechanical ventilation, hospital stay, and steroid treatment. A high prevalence of bacterial superinfections, a high number of agents, and multiple associated factors were found. Among these stood out comorbidities, complications, days of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and steroid treatment. These results are vital to identifying priority clinical groups, improving the care of simultaneous infections with COVID-19 in people with the risk factors exposed in the population studied, and identifying bacteria of public health interest.